9.6 Crystal Oscillator (XOSC)
The main crystal oscillator features are:
? 16MHz amplitude controlled crystal oscillator
? 180μs typical settling time after leaving SLEEP state
? Configurable trimming capacitance array
? Configurable clock output (CLKM)
9.6.1 Overview
The crystal oscillator generates the reference frequency for the Atmel AT86RF232. All
other internally generated frequencies of the radio transceiver are derived from this
unique frequency. Therefore, the overall system performance is mainly determined by
the accuracy of crystal reference frequency. The external components of the crystal
oscillator should be selected carefully and the related board layout should be done with
caution (see Chapter 5 ).
The register 0x12 (XOSC_CTRL) provides access to the control signals of the
oscillator. Two operating modes are supported. It is recommended to use the integrated
oscillator setup as described in Figure 9-11 ; nevertheless a reference frequency can be
fed to the internal circuitry by using an external clock reference as shown in Figure
9-12 .
9.6.2 Integrated Oscillator Setup
Using the internal oscillator, the oscillation frequency depends on the load capacitance
between the crystal pin 26 (XTAL1) and pin 25 (XTAL2). The total load capacitance C L
must be equal to the specified load capacitance of the crystal itself. It consists of the
external capacitors CX and parasitic capacitances connected to the XTAL nodes.
Figure 9-11 shows all parasitic capacitances, such as PCB stray capacitances and the
pin input capacitance, summarized to C PAR .
Figure 9-11. Simplified XOSC Schematic with External Components.
C PAR
CX
CX
C PAR
V DD
EVDD
XTAL1
16MHz
XTAL2
PCB
AT86RF232
C TRIM
XTAL_TRIM[3:0]
EVDD
C TRIM
XTAL_TRIM[3:0]
114
AT86RF232
8321A – MCU Wireless – 10/11
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